鳥？飛機？是飛天女巫啦！淺談萬聖節經典、醫藥界老前輩──中世紀女巫

萬聖節又快到啦！雖然這跟我們實在沒太大關係，但湊湊熱鬧、蹭蹭熱度還是一定要的啦！
今天就擺脫艱澀難懂的生科理論與健康知識，了解一下百年前的恐懼化生、醫藥前輩──女巫們 (Witch)

女巫戴高帽騎著掃把飛來飛去，還有個大釜咕嚕咕嚕煮著可怕的魔藥，外加一隻可愛黑貓。這可能是大家最習以為常的創作中歐洲女巫形象。但真正的歐洲中世紀女巫又是怎樣的一個存在呢？
其實在很久很久以前，在歐洲，女巫是各城、各村莊中重要的存在，因為他們擁有豐富的藥草知識，凡舉風寒、小孩不乖、受傷好不了，大家都會拜託女巫幫忙。甚至天氣不好，莊稼收成有問題，歐洲部分地區的村民也會拜託女巫帶著大家在新月的晚上拿著掃把跳著祈雨舞，而這也是女巫跟掃把有關聯的第一手記錄。
真正的女巫其實就是讀過書或有被教過知識的女生，其中又以藥草學為大宗，但因為以前人的衛生觀念不好，加上很多藥草其實很傷胃，故這些充當藥師兼醫師的女巫們就會把藥草做成油膏塗抹在身上或是用黏膜吸收 (就是下體或肛門啦)。其中很多女巫特別愛用「導致幻覺」的藥草治病。功課不好？爽一下紓壓後就好啦！肚子痛？爽一下紓壓後就好啦！還是沒治好？管他的，至少舒暢多啦！(好孩子不要學) 因此女巫常常跟大釜、藥膏、藥草以及「幻覺」畫上等號。這其實有點像美國的大麻自然療法就是。

不過自從在歐洲的統一性宗教出現後，這些女巫(藥劑師)們當然就被當作異類啦！(搶人飯碗囉) 生病？怎麼可以吃藥，給我祈禱！心情不好？怎麼可以做魔藥，給我祈禱！加上人們「以獵巫之名，行剷除異己之實」的心態，就有越來越多的女藥草師受害。甚至有錢或聰明一點的女生都可能因此「被女巫化」。在西元1324年的愛爾蘭，就有審訊紀錄指出一名有錢的寡婦被指控製作魔藥膏且塗抹在棍子上前後滑動。(好孩子不要問) 這大概是女巫「騎」掃帚的歷史第一個紀錄吧！之後也慢慢演變出女巫都會塗藥膏、裸體騎掃帚的中世紀圖文書本流傳於世。

那飛行掃帚的紀錄又從何開始呢？其實第一個「被承認」騎掃把飛行的「巫師」，不是女的也不是異教徒。是一位堂堂正正「信仰上帝的基督教男性牧師」！！
在1453年的巴黎，有位男牧師因為批評教廷而被屈打成招，成為歷史上第一位承認自己施行巫術騎掃把飛上天的人。但也因為他，讓女巫的屬性又多了一個「飛天」。(但因為他是男生又是牧師，所以沒被燒死，只是被關一陣子而已就是。)

至於如何從18世紀開始的「女巫都從煙囪飛出去」印象，轉變成20世紀開始的「慈祥老公公從煙囪下去送禮物」印象，這又是另外一個故事了。


但不管是哪個時間點的女巫，大家對女巫「真實容貌」的印象通常都是頭髮雜亂、口吐惡臭的形象。如果想在萬聖節辦個美美的女巫或帥帥的巫師來緬懷這些「生科、醫藥界的老前輩們」又不想讓自己真的像巫婆一樣頭髮雜亂又口臭的話，請試試 #濤墨洗髮精 #Taomou 好好保養亮麗頭髮；吃吃 #舒呀侯定 來好好保養口腔與喉嚨。

#濤墨洗髮精 #Taomou 內含專利實驗認證配方 #MAP 及肉桂、馬尾草、銀杏草本萃取物等多種營養素，天天使用，保持頭皮與頭髮的健康，恢復頭髮豐盈與光澤感。
更多詳情 https://reurl.cc/V502rn

#舒呀侯定 含黃金比例的強效配方：#小球藻萃取物 、桑黃萃取物、琉璃苣油萃取物 ，使口氣芬芳、促進唾液分泌。調節生理機能、促進新陳代謝，生津止渴、降火氣。
更多詳情 https://reurl.cc/GbjkxG

#萬聖節快樂
#HappyHalloween
#向被火烤的生科、醫藥老前輩們敬禮

#舒呀侯定
#濤墨洗髮精


延伸閱讀:
睏。怎麼每天越睡越疲勞？關於睡眠的五個科學小故事！
https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/2021/01/blog-post.html
 我朋友的朋友跟我說......五個最常聽到的健康迷思大破解？！
https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/2020/07/blog-post_27.html

更多小知識:
https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/
更多好用小物:
https://www.lamarckbio.com/

參考資料:
https://enchantedlivingmagazine.com/brooms-and-besoms-history-and-lore/
https://archive.org/details/irishwitchcraftd00seymrich/page/24/mode/2up?view=theater

蹦！中西醫大和解？連西醫也認同的薑黃與肉桂的消炎力。

 

 每當說到中西醫的不同，大家肯定第一個想到的就是西醫支持者通常都會對中醫的一些藥草療效不置可否，更甚者就是斥之以鼻。但以下兩種藥草的神奇療效，在科學家數年的研究下，可是被極度肯定的喔！

首先是 #薑黃 #Turmeric，其原本來自印度，常被當作咖哩跟香料食用。引進中國後也被當作漢方使用，主要功能是：活血化瘀、行氣止痛。科學家們發現薑黃中含有300多種有效成分，其中最主要的稱為 #curcumin #薑黃素，其抗氧化與抗發炎的作用已經被證實 (Tabrizi  et al., 2018; Hewlings & Kalman, 2017)。其消炎止痛的作用甚至跟我們常見的 #扶他林 (#diclofenac) #布洛芬 (#ibuprofen)雷同 (Kuptniratsaikul et al., 2008; Shep et al., 2019)。可惜一般薑黃只含有3%薑黃素且極難被人體吃下去後吸收，所以真的要有效果必須用其他的方式協助導入。但其消炎止痛的能力的確不能忽視。

接著是 #肉桂 #Cinnamon，漢方中也常見用於驅風健胃、活血祛瘀、散寒止痛。顧名思義，其成分也必定有抗氧化與抗發炎的作用 (Zhu, 2020)，機制與針對的目標也跟薑黃差不多。可見東西方文化下雖然用字不同，但此類藥草使用目的都是相同的。可惜因為其本身還有所謂的 #香豆素 (#coumarin)，吃太多會對肝臟造成負擔 (Brancheau, 2015)，所以通常建議成人一天最多吃一茶匙(大概2.5g)的肉桂就好了。另外，肉桂中的 #肉桂醛（#cinnamaldehyde) 也擁有很厲害的抗菌能力喔 (Topa et al., 2018)！所以也很多人會用肉桂精油按摩或當香氛來達到抗菌的效果。也因為其抗菌成份，很多美髮廠商會用其來對抗 #皮屑芽孢菌，減少皮屑產生。

好的東西是不怕驗證的，這也是很多藥草在數千年之後，用更多的科技與儀器檢驗之下，不僅沒有被遺棄，甚至更加萃取與精化，達到更好的效果！

想試試藥草的威能嗎？含有薑黃的 #筋爽貼片 #SoothingPatch 與含有肉桂醛的 #濤墨洗髮精 #Taomoushampoo 值得您一試！

#新年快樂
#筋爽貼片
#濤墨洗髮精
#好東西要跟好朋友分享
#新的一年繼續業配自己就是讚

延伸閱讀:
真假？薑到底可不可以緩解經痛？
https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/2020/05/blog-post_6.html
到底，何謂感壓貼片
https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/2020/05/blog-post_27.html

更多小知識:
https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/
更多好用小物:
https://www.lamarckbio.com/

還有？腸道好菌怎麼選，益生菌新手必看指南！Part 2

上次簡單介紹了益生菌以及益處。這次就來談談如何分別與挑選各種益生菌。

益生菌基本上就兩屬 (就是界門綱目科屬種的第二個"屬")：
1. 乳桿菌屬 Lactobacillus：最常見的益生菌，其中A菌、C菌就是這屬。
2. 雙歧桿菌屬 Bifidobacterium：也就是比菲德氏菌或是B菌。也非常常見。
當然也有鏈球菌屬的嗜熱鏈球菌 (做優格用)，但這些就比較少出現在一般市面上的益生菌食品上，這種通常都會跟食物發酵比較有關，所以會跟食物一起被吃下去，例如泡菜、起司等等。

基本上這樣的分類就可以代表市面上99%以上的益生菌保健食品或健康食品了。以 #LP33 為例子，這就是副乾酪乳桿菌 (Lactobacillus paracasei) 中第33號菌株。通常同種的益生菌功能與存活位置 (不同的菌會在不同的位置，如在大腸或胃) 都是大同小異，但菌株的不同也代表了不同程度的功用以及特殊功能。舉個例子：LP555可能跟LP666的存在位置與功用都一樣，但一株可能對小腸分泌比較有幫助，但另一株是對腹瀉有幫助。這就任君挑選與比較了。

每種不同的菌株或菌種都有不同的功用，也因此可以依照食用者的需求去挑選正確的益生菌。以下依據 #科學文獻紀載 簡單介紹各種不同情境下的菌種：
1. 過敏、花粉症 (Dennis-Wall et al., 2017)：根據研究，Lactobacillus gasseri #加氏乳桿菌、Bifidobacterium bifidum #比菲德氏菌、 Bifidobacterium #龍根菌 三者合一使用八周後明顯改善季節性鼻過敏。
2. 便祕、腸躁症：很多菌株都有幫助，包含乳酸桿菌、比菲德氏菌、龍根菌，甚至優格、酵母菌等等都有幫助。所以如果有便祕問題吃點益生菌就對啦！(Mezzasalma et al., 2016; Spiller et al., 2017; Amenta et al., 2006)
3. 腹瀉 (Sazawal et al., 2006)：如果是烙賽問題，有些人不建議吃益生菌。但科學家反而發現 Lactobacillus rhamnosus #鼠李糖乳桿菌、Lactobacillus acidophilus #嗜酸乳桿菌 與 Lactobacillus bulgaricus #保加利亞乳桿菌 反而可以幫助緩解烙賽問題喔！
4. 提升免疫力：益生菌有效增強免疫力這種話應該在電視廣告中時常聽到。精確來說，科學家發現 #捲曲乳桿菌 可以減少女性尿道炎發生機率 (Stapleton et al., 2011)、#乳酸菌 加上 #比菲德氏菌 與 #動物雙歧桿菌 可以減少小孩濕疹風險 (Kim et al., 2015)、#鼠李糖乳桿菌 可以減少小孩呼吸道與腸胃道感染問題 (Hatakka et al., 2001)
5. 減肥 (Cardinelli et al., 2015)：對！益生菌可以幫助減肥喔！其一原因是腸胃的菌決定了腸胃吸收營養的程度。故有些菌可以抑制吸收脂肪與熱量，如： #加氏乳桿菌 (Hamad et al., 2009)。第二種原因是直接影響新陳代謝與脂肪合成，如： #鼠李糖乳桿菌 配合 #動物雙歧桿菌 (B. animalis subsp. lactis; Mekkes, 2014)。但值得注意的是，這些研究通常是動物實驗或是不夠顯著去證明可以完整解決肥胖問題 (Park and Bae, 2015)，加上肥胖跟飲食與生活習慣關係更大，故想減肥還是先從運動與生活習慣著手為主，再以益生菌為輔吧！

當然，以上都只是冰山一角罷了，還有更多更多的好處被科學家發現。順帶一提，根據研究，益生菌吃越多是越好，但也有極限，因為腸子就那麼長。另外吃太多目前也沒發現有任何副作用，頂多拉出來，故請安心服用。(Kligler and Cohrssen, 2008) 最後，買益生菌也請注意是否是合法工廠製造且是活生生的益生菌菌粉，衛生安全是最基本的喔！

看到這邊，是不是覺得眼花撩亂，依然不知道該怎麼挑選嗎？放心，我們已經為您精心挑選了數種不同取向、針對不同族群的益生菌，讓您一目了然！目前共五種複合益生菌任君挑選，現在就請進入我們官網中選擇您所需要的益生菌吧！
https://www.lamarckbio.com/pages/lamarck-select



#何不養個免把屎把尿但又忠心可愛的益生菌
#要來我家看我養的寵物嗎只是需要帶顯微鏡就是
#納馬科嚴選納馬科推薦
#釀了你喔❤

 延伸閱讀:
益生菌不只讓人更好大便，連"那個"也會更好！優格也有效？
https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/2020/07/blog-post.html
LP48？癢樂多？腸道好菌怎麼選，益生菌新手必看指南！
https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/2020/08/lp48.html

更多小知識: https://lamarckbio.blogspot.com/
更多好用產品: https://www.lamarckbio.com/

Who? Who was the first tried to save women from painful menstruation?

Mother’s Day just passed, but a thankful heart to mother should ever last. <3

Here, we are going to share a story about a great scientist and the fighter of gender equality - Clelia Duel #Mosher.

Mosher was born in 1863, New York. Because of her physician father, she was very interested in biology and medicine. After she grew up, she got the master and M.D. degree from Stanford University and Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine respectively.

Mosher had researched a spectacular subject, #menstruation, which no one had ever wanted to devote in that period. She had surveyed 2000 women and 12000 menstruation cycles, and realized that personal hygiene is one of the most important reasons to induce menstrual cramps. To tackle cramps, she invented the Mosher breathing exercise, which might be the old type of #CoreExercises, and also she might be the first American doctor who advocated core exercises to alleviate the cramps.

In that conservational Victorian era, a woman who wore corset and kept obeyed and silent was the best woman. However, as a college student, Mosher broke the taboo to gather the data about women's sexual habits. She surveyed 47 high and middle class women. As a result, 35 women elaborated they desired sex and did birth control. This result has shown the true face of Victorian women. Nevertheless, this survey had never been published by Mosher because of the atmosphere of society until Stanford University did it in 1973. This research not only revealed the life of Victorian women and also inspired the #feminism.

Mosher was a great scientist and a pioneer of #GentleEquality. In 1932, she wrote: “Born into a world of unlimited opportunity, the woman of the rising generation will answer the question of what woman's real capacities are."

Mosher breathing exercise could help to decrease the pain of menstruation. With #soothepatch, the cramps could be alleviated more! More details: https://www.lamarckbio.com/pages/patch-park

Related book: Mosher, C. D. (1923). Woman's physical freedom. New York: The Womans press.

Really? Is this true ginger could alleviate dysmenorrhea?

Today, we keep talking about #cramps. There are plenty of foods, secret ingredients and methods to take care of this pain, chocolate (best from boyfriend or husband), red beam for instance. However, the true effect remains unknown.

One of the most popular methods for #dysmenorrhea is #ginger. There are so many different products made by ginger claimed they could tackle the menstrual cramp issue. Is it true?

The herbal scientists recruited 120 students with severe dysmenorrhea issue. those students took the capsules while the menstrual period. Half of them took the capsules filled with ginger root powder, and other half took the capsule filled with placebo, which means there is nothing useful but only starch. Compared to the students who took the starch capsule, the students took the ginger root powder capsule felt the problem and duration of dysmenorrhea got alleviated significantly. This kind of change is scientific different, which means this experience could indicate that ginger is helpful for dysmenorrhea in these sort of cases.*

There are a lot of “of-course” thing maybe not so “of-course.” Only through the scientific experience, we could comprehend the truth and real knowledge. This is #Lamarckbiomedical ‘s aim.

So next time, you girls know what is real useful while the cramps happened. ALSO, #Soothepatch could help. With natural #Curcumin and #Eucalyptus within new technology of pressure-sensitive percutaneous absorption patch, dysmenorrhea would be alleviated.

Please contact us for more further information or visit our website: https://www.lamarckbio.com/


Hint: the cramps-alleviated products from boyfriends or husband are 3.5 times better than the products brought by users themselves. (no scientific evidence, but we believe so)

Reference:
* Rahnama, P., Montazeri, A., Huseini, H. F., Kianbakht, S., & Naseri, M. (2012). Effect of Zingiber officinale R. rhizomes (ginger) on pain relief in primary dysmenorrhea: a placebo randomized trial. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1).

Seriously? Women fed soy formula as infant might get severe dysmenorrhea easily!

For the most of women, menstrual period means ultimate suffering, instead of just an ordinary period every month. This kind of pain could cause a massive fury that makes sure every man would understand what is #dysmenorrhea.

According to a statistics from Italian scientists, about 84% of mature female have been through menstrual cramps. Additionally, about 43% of them have the cramps at every period.* Technically, the possibility of winning a lottery might be higher than finding a woman never has any dysmenorrhea.

The reasons of dysmenorrheal are complicated. However, one of the causes might be how your mom or grandma fed you during the infant phase.

During a long term research by NIH in the U.S., it indicates women who fed by soy formula as infants might have more severe dysmenorrheal issue.** comparatively, women fed by animal milk related formula or breastfeeding as infants have less painful dysmenorrheal. Statistically, the possibility of severe dysmenorrheal is 50% higher compared soy formula fed women with other women. Specifically, the girls aged 18 to 22 might feel stronger about the difference.

Nevertheless, what mechanism and which compounds inducing this issue remain unknown. It needs more evidence to disclose the truth. Additionally, it is too late to complain what you ate when you were a little baby.

No matter what your mom or grandma fed you as infant, we must understand they fully and wholeheartedly devoted themselves to us. There were no scientists thought about this problem in that time, so they would not know the consequence of this. However, the problem of dysmenorrheal still needs to be tackled. Therefore, a #Soothepatch might help! #Curcumin and #Eucalyptus within new technology of pressure-sensitive percutaneous absorption patch could make your ovary soothed and warm. Let the period be smooth. 3 patches in a pack could let you share your patches with your hardworking mom and grandma. (Wait a second….

More details in https://www.lamarckbio.com/pages/patch-park


Reference:
* Grandi, G., Ferrari, Xholli, Cannoletta, Palma, Volpe, & Cagnacci, A. (2012). Prevalence of menstrual pain in young women: what is dysmenorrhea? Journal of Pain Research, 169.
** Upson, K., Adgent, M. A., Wegienka, G., & Baird, D. D. (2018). Soy-based infant formula feeding and menstrual pain in a cohort of women aged 23–35 years. Human Reproduction, 34(1), 148–154.